Run Time Adaptation of Service Feedback Control

Run Time Adaptation of Service Feedback Control Runtime Adaptation of Service With Feedback Control Self Optimization T.Priyaradhikadevi, R.Anandhi Abstract In a composite service which needs to be in uncertain and changing optimized environment which have service selection along with runtime adaptation. For maximum satisfaction for stakeholders quality and requirement needs for adapting composite services which responds to various environments. Service selection and business process for quality preference that made statistics during their design time. The proposed requirements driven self optimizing approach of such composite services measures its quality of service. The estimation of business tunes he preference for ranking the feedbacks detecting unexpected triggering of business values self optimization process. Process level configuration for modelling the configuration according to its mapping service level decision selections optimized and tuned for its quality of service. In our proposed model the process level preference based configuration of requirements ranks according to its goal configurations. The experimental study is use d to evaluate the proposed approach results indicating the new approach outperforms both fixed weighted and floating weighted service selecting approaches with respect to earning business value and adapting the flexibility. Keywords: Quality of service, self optimization, earning business value, service selection. 1. Introduction Architecture for service has emerging value of development and integration of business applications. In a service oriented system for development focusing the shifted customary application for designing the business process which selects and compose services for new business applications. Web services organizing integration for business process language used widely for specifying the business process for composite service rather than integration between composite services along with external web services. Functional requirement for business logic concerns with composite services should fulfil all the non functional concern for requiring quality of services. Composition of services that have uncertain and changing optimal configuration of business process which selects services that reflects decisions taken during design time. The reflected designs for self optimized service have some adapting runtime composite services in better way for meeting their overall quality of service requirement. Addressing the problems regarding composite services during their runtime adaptation for various service selection of different composition of approaches which is recently proposed with configuration of statistics business process. The set of abstract services have global approach towards its hybrid heuristics that have dynamic optimization of selected binding using their concrete services with each abstract service. Maximizing the usage of user objective is to satisfy the quality of service constraints which has user satisfaction which can have utility function for multiple weight assignment for criteria based on quality of service. Static decision approach based on various different preferences given for quality and business process made for design time which has weights for quality of service structures the business process used for selecting the service and compositions determines the design time which is static during runtime. During runtime these unchanged decisions used to make composite service which runs according to suboptimal manner. The betterment for optimization for entire stakeholder satisfying requirements with quality trade needed for adapting response to changing environment for system. High preference order process service for preventing risks requires the large amount for time and resource allocation for processing credit verifying the additional process. The response time for users is so long and they have to wait very patiently for their task to be accomplished. The process variability for activities having optional and alternate sub processes which often have various alternative business goal for quality of service requirements. Flexible accommodation of preference with different usage for quality of service requirements has taken risk for prevention of order processing. The order reconfiguration process skips temporary credit verification for improving the response time. The motivational service analyse the needed for required self optimizing composite services for dynamic quality services. The business value creation for adoption of stakeholders designing time that has runtime value based software engineering principles and practicing them. The emphasis is on incorporation of business values achieves the feedback controlling system. The self optimizing service technique for composite services that accounts for achieving business values which can be measured by transactions committed successfully. 2. Selection and composition for service The requirement driven value based idea for motivation for self optimizing approach for proposing the characteristics for composition of service have dynamic tradeoffs quality and support. The combination of runtime process for configuring the service that can have selection for various process requirements can provide them with resources. The values for business earned the reflection for runtime environment that satisfies the requirements of stake holders. Quality attributes measures and estimates earned business values having predefined value for our approach having dynamic quality tuning the rank preferences for different quality attributes that have control over feedbacks. The violation of business value ensures the detection of optimized preference rank process attributes systematically. The requirement configuration model based on preferences according to the quality of service requirement changes over the uncertain environment. The composite services always cannot run with optimal static configuration for business process along with selection of services. The existing stakeholders who are unsatisfied with the requirement driven approach has to be failed for selection of service and their composition which can have challenging problems. This can have many disadvantages for making business processes adaptable for runtime environment. The exponential for complexity in timing concerns. They do not have any satisfaction need with stakeholders responsibility. The static quality tradeoffs support the stakeholder for exponential time complexity. Overcoming the short comes of approaches propose the modelling of multi dimension problem have multiple choice having multiple constraints for optimal problems regarding path which leads to efficiency for heuristics. Hybrid approaches that finds nearest optimal solutions for end to end quality of service constraints that have local and global approaches. Figure.1 requirement driven and goal configuration based on value indicator. 3. Dynamic self optimization constraints All the hybrid approach for starting decompose which have end to end quality of service constraints that have local quality of service which can perform local selections. The approach that allows the quality of service weights for dynamic tuning that reflects dynamic quality tradeoffs uses the feedback controlling mechanism for achieving the runtime process adaptation for dynamic weaving for process. For motivating the dynamic quality for tradeoffs that can conduct maximized qualifiers for overall satisfaction for stakeholder requirements. Achieving the self optimization for composite services in which our proposed approach continuously seeks opportunities for improvising the earned business values. They can have maximized user satisfaction which can as well meet its quality of service requirements. The user satisfaction which can usually express the utility function for weighing various qualities of service criteria will be well fixed weight assignment of each quality of service criteria. The dynamically planned adaption service based on runtime requirement models for dynamic self optimization. For achieving the self optimization for overall composite services that maximizes the value propositions for multiple kinds of stakeholders. For optimizing the customer details should be entered in customer registry and once if the details are entered and submitted then they will be stored in database of stakeholders. They can be accessed using username and passwords which can also be used for updating and editing for details entered and stored. The customers should select their required product in self driven optimizing approach they can use the category or product name. If the product is available then they should choose the option for payment. Whether they should pay using credit or debit card. They also help in suggesting the alternate products which are not available in stock. After this process the bank transaction details of the customer should be rendered and they provide the feedbacks about their services. The approach for formulating the value for validating main threats which can capture the changes along with change of business strategies emphasize the guidance for online analytical processing. The large amount of business data can have composite service over the online analytical processing which can provide predictive analysis for validation and mapping of business processes. Dynamic runtime processing for business configuring the rare address faces different challenges according to their stake holder requirements. Self adaptive requirements based on system increasingly run under poor environment. The goal oriented requirements for widely used methods used in olden days. They are modelled and the intentions used for capturing and satisfying the requirements between the agents for exploring the alternate ways. Variable system used for processing runtime goals can be configured processes with regular credit verification such as checking the purchase and ordered things list the total number of products ordered and quality verification along with credit details verification. The evaluation and effectiveness for composite service approach having applications over real time applications required for evaluation of feasible that can guarantee the self improvement. The earned business values can be better or worse for depending on factors specifying the applications for number of process variations. There are different single and double approaches for hard perspectives for competitive selections during runtime. They are not superior or inferior static single approach which can totally have optimization for business values which is really harder. The composite service can optimally design strategies for new service optimization failure with new process configuration. 4. Conclusion In our proposed approach of requirement driven self optimizing approach we can combine the composite service for having process reconfiguration of high level and low level selection of service based on flexible adaptations. Then it supports dynamic quality tradeoffs for reflection of changing environments employs feedback controller that tunes the preference ranks for relevancy of attributes regarding quality. The earned business value having objective that can be triggered using self optimization techniques can be self optimized. The value formula for stakeholder requirements defines current business strategies for order processing service focuses directly on profits obtained from successful experience and feedback systems. The services for processing orders that have fixed weights and having flexibility demonstrate the performance adaptation for acceptable overhead for process reconfiguration which can select service accordingly. The integration rendered has to be variable with adv ancement of flexible mechanisms that can be achieved more flexible process variability having definitions and adaptations which validates their feasibility. References [1] V. Cardellini, E. Casalicchio, V. Grassi, F. Lo Presti, and R. Mirandola, â€Å"QoS-driven runtime adaptation of service oriented architectures,† in Proc. 7th Joint Meeting of the European Software Eng. Conf. and the ACM SIGSOFT Symp. Foundations of Software Eng., 2009, pp. 131–140. [2] OASIS. (2007, April) Web services business process execution language, v-2.0. [Online]. Available: http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsbpel/2.0/wsbpel-v2.0.pdf [3] E. Di Nitto, C. Ghezzi, A. Metzger, M. Papazoglou, and K. Pohl, â€Å"A journey to highly dynamic, self-adaptive servicebased applications,† Autom. Softw. Eng., vol. 15, no. 3-4, pp. 313–341, 2008. [4] L. Zeng, B. Benatallah, A. H.H. Ngu, M. Dumas, J. Kalagnanam, and H. Chang, â€Å"Qos-aware middleware for web services composition,† IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng., vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 311–327, 2004. [5] Y. Liu, A.H. Ngu, and L. Zeng, â€Å"QoS computation and policing in dynamic Web service selection,† in Proc. 13th Int’l Conf. World Wide Web Alternate Track Papers and Posters, 2004, pp. 66–73. [6] D.A. Menasc ´e and V.K. Dubey, â€Å"Utility-based QoS brokering in service oriented architectures,† in Proc. IEEE Int’l Conf. Web Service, 2007, pp. 422–430. [7] L. Zeng, B. Benatallah, M. Dumas, J. Kalagnanam, and Q.Z. Sheng, â€Å"Quality driven Web services composition,† in Proc. 12th Int’l Conf. World Wide Web, 2003, pp. 411–421. [8] D. Ardagna and B. Pernici, â€Å"Adaptive service composition in flexible processes,† IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng., vol. 33, no. 6, pp. 369–384, 2007. [9] T. Yu, Y. Zhang, and K.J. Lin, â€Å"Efficient algorithms for web services selection with end-to-end qos constraints,† ACM Trans. Web, vol. 1, no. 1, 2007. [10] M. Alrifai and T. Risse, â€Å"Combining global optimization with local selection for efficient QoS-aware service composition,† in Proc. 18th Int’l Conf. World Wide Web, 2009, pp. 881–890. [11] S.X. Sun and J. Zhao, â€Å"A decomposition-based approach for service composition with global QoS guarantees,† Inf. Sci., vol. 199, pp. 138–153, 2012. R. Anandhi has finished her B.Tech (IT) and at present she is pursuing M.E. (CSE) in Mailam Engineering College, Villupuram, Tamil Nadu, India. Her research interests lies in the areas of Mobile Computing, Data Mining, Cloud Computing and Software Engineering. T.Priyaradhikadevi has completed her M.Tech (IT) and now pursuing her Phd. Currently she is Head Of the department in Computer Science and Engineering at Mailam Engineering college,Villupuram , Tamil Nadu, India. She has attended many national and international conferences in several colleges. She organized many technical symposiums, workshops and seminars.

Explore the ways in which Collins presents the relationships between men and women in The Moonstone Essay

Explore the ways in which Collins presents the relationships between men and women in The Moonstone. Do male or female characters have more influence in the novel? In this essay I will explore the relationships between male and female characters in the novel ‘The Moonstone’. This essay will evaluate all of the key characters, from the annoyingly religious Miss Clack to the caring and loving Gabriel Betteredge. I will explore the characters personality and decipher whether male or female characters have more influence in the novel. The book is split into eight narratives written by different characters to show what each character is thinking and to give different perspectives as the events unfold. This technique also adds tension as certain secrets are hidden from individuals so not everyone knows the whole truth. Out of the eight narratives only one is written by a woman (Drusilla Clack) whilst all the others are written by male characters. The female characters in the novel are all very atypical, as they stand up for themselves and do not just give way. This was uncommon in the Victorian era as women had few rights and were not expected to be hot tempered. Miss Rachel, a young lady born into a rich family, acts in an unlady-like manner at certain points in the story, especially when she refuses to give information on what she knows about the diamond. Betteredge, one of the characters who knows Rachel Verinder best, said that he could â€Å"Call to mind, in her childhood, more than one occasion when the good little soul took the blame, and suffered the punishment, for some fault committed by a playfellow whom she loved†. This aspect of Rachel’s character and personality is shown many times in the novel, for instance, when she refuses to talk about the diamond for Franklin Blake’s reputation would be shattered if she spoke. This gives the reader the impression that Rachel values her friends and family and she is a women of her word. This adds suspense to the novel and greatly effects the plot as if she had revealed what she knew then Franklin Blake would have been arrested and would not have had a chance of defending himself, resulting in the Moonstone never being found and Godfrey Ablewhite getting away, with no consequences. In the book the majority of the discoveries are made by men, although this is because the female characters already knew the truth; they just hadn’t revealed it. One of the cases of this happening is when Franklin Blake deciphers the code to find Rosanna Spearmen’s chest. This held many secrets which Rosanna had kept silent about for a long time. This effects the outcome of the novel, as since Rosanna kept quite over her love of Franklin Blake, the truth of the moonstone being revealed is delayed, giving time for the events at London to unfold. The reader really gets the impression of Rosannas love of Mr Franklin Blake from this act, of saving his reputation, even though holding these secrets could be argued to be a massive factor of her eventual suicide. Despite this, Franklin never really notices Rosanna Spearman; this is probably due to the fact that in his eyes she is just a housemaid with a lumpy shoulder. Social class is outlined here, with the rich Franklin Blake and the poor Rosanna Spearman. The different social classes were more prominent in Victorian times and Collins also uses class in his other novels such as the woman in white, where Walter Hartright and Laura Fairlie fall in love, but due to Walter’s low social class, they separate. When Rosanna dies, it could be suggested that Ezra Jennings is introduced to replace her, as these two characters are very similar in personality and are both rejected by most members of society. They are also both attracted to Mr Franklin Blake in different ways; Rosanna has an undying love for him, and Ezra asks himself â€Å"What is the secret of the attraction that there is for me in this man?†. Both characters also had rough upbringings, as Rosanna was a thief as a child and Ezra was beaten and was mistreated mercilessly by his family. Ezra Jennings is also addicted to Opium, as â€Å"for ten years past I have suffered from an incurable internal complaint†. His addiction to the drug led to his painful and horrific nights, and Opium also destroyed his nervous system. Wilkie Collins probably introduced Ezra Jennings as a character which he could relate to, as Collins himself was addicted to Opium, which is probably why the drug plays such a significant part in the book. Collins believed he had an imaginary friend named ‘Ghost Wilkie’ and often hallucinated in his sleep. His other novels have opium in them, so his way of relating to his addiction was to put it into his books. Opium plays a significant part in the book, as Ezra uses it in his experiment to discover who took the diamond. The reader feels uncertainty when the book dapples in the secret world of Opium as most readers would not have tried it and therefore do not know how powerful it is and what it can do. Gabriel Betteredge often talks about which side of Mr Franklin Blake’s character is shining through, and believes it to be due to all of Franklin’s foreign training (Betteredge usually relates his strict character to Franklin’s German side, his poeticness to his French side, and his bravery to his English side). This gives Mr Franklin Blake no distinct character. This gives you the impression that Gabriel Betteredge is very stereotypically British, supporting his country and almost believing that the English are superior to others. Godfrey Ablewhite however, has a very different character which is hidden from the public view. He tries to get across the image of a hardworking gentleman who dedicates his life to the many women’s charities he patronizes, when he is actually a man swallowed in debt and trying to rob people of their riches to pay it off. His debt was one of the key reasons why he asked to marry Rachel Verinder, as he thought that he would inherit enough money to pay off the debt; however that did not turn out to be the case. When Rachel asked for the marriage to be cancelled, Godfrey did not try to put up any resistance, as he knew that he would not receive the inheritance he had hoped for. Godfrey also gets engaged to another woman, but the marriage is broken off for similar reasons. At the end of the book, Godfrey is in disguise as a sailor with a dark complexion when he tries to get the Moonstone from the bank. This is symbolism as it outlines the fact that he is leading a double life, and he has a dark complexion as Betteredge and Franklin immediately suspected the Indians of stealing the diamond. Their immediate suspicion of the Indians affects the plot greatly as it means that Godfrey Ablewhite has time to hide the diamond without being suspected, as all eyes were on the Indians. The view the public have of him is different to what he is actually like, and if it had not been for Mr Matthew Bruff, the marriage might not have been called off. Miss Clack often swoons at the sight of Mr Godfrey Ablewhite; this is because she believes he is a hardworking Christian, and refers to him as â€Å"gifted† and â€Å"wonderful†. It is therefore no surprise that she is shocked when she, by chance, hears Godfrey’s proposal to Rachel. It is here that he admits that his, â€Å"Charitable business is an unendurable nuisance† and that if â€Å"I see a Ladies’ committee now, I wish myself at the uttermost ends of the earth†. Miss Clack is highly offended by this, as she is a member of ‘The Mothers Small Clothes Conversion Society’, but she dismisses this out of hand as being a slip of the tongue in the heat of the moment. Miss Clack’s personality is very different to the other female characters in the book, as she is a character of a certain type of hypocrite. She never leaves without her Christian pamphlets and she often tries to spread her faith through these tracts. She may be doing this to turn more people Christian, or she may just be doing this as it is in her sphere of power and it makes her feel as though she has more influence on society. A perfect example of Miss Clack’s character is when she visits Lady Verinder and Rachel, but upon realising that Lady Verinder’s doctor is trying to use medication to treat Lady Verinder instead of praying to god and waiting for him to perform a miracle, she spreads religious books of her choice around the Verinder’s house. She believes that this act did not make her a nuisance, but instead, a â€Å"True Christian†. Miss Clack has a very different opinion of herself compared to what other people think of her. Even the kind and loving Gabriel Betteredge, who has a good word to say about almost everyone, does not take well to Miss Clack. Before handing over the job of narrating to her, he asks the reader to â€Å"Just do me the favour of not believing a word she says, if she speaks of your humble servant†. This shows that she is believed to not be a teller of truths, and Betteredge is pre-warning the reader of what to prepare for. We believe what Betteredge says and not Miss Clack as he has shown himself to be an honourable character, worthy of the readers trust. Our decision to believe him and not Miss Clack is also influenced by other characters, as Franklin Blake often refers to him as â€Å"a dear old friend†, so others characters have respect for him as well. In the story, female characters do not reveal what they know straight away. This adds suspense to the story, as you have to wait a long time for the secret which will put together a new piece of the puzzle. A good example of this is Rosanna’s letter to Mr Franklin Blake, explaining where the chest is hidden, and inside the chest is Rosanna’s narrative which explains events before and after Rachel Verinder’s 18th birthday party leading up to Rosanna’s suicide told through her point of view. The letter’s opening is delayed however, as Limping Lucy refuses to give it to anyone other than Franklin Blake himself. This lets the events at London unfold, and the case of the Moonstone is put on hold for a short period. Limping Lucy is Rosanna Spearman’s only friend, and was understandably angry at Franklin as she believed that he forced Rosanna into suicide. Limping Lucy has a severe limp in her left foot, and this may be one of the reasons why she and Rosanna are so good friends, as they both have physical deformities and are rejected by most members of society. I believe that female characters have more influence on the plot of the novel due to their actions which are gradually revealed to the reader. Superficially, male characters seem to have a larger role in the discovery of the secrets behind the moonstone but this is because they are only just digging in to what the female characters already know. The fact that male characters have almost all of the narrations add to the secrecy of the novel and also reinforces the point of male character seemingly having more influence and control of the plot, when all they are doing is discovering what is beneath the surface of an apparently settled world in the novel.

The Net Present Value method

1. Net Present Value ApproachThe Net Present Value method, which abides with the time value of money principle, is a capital expenditure appraisal method, which seeks the total future net cash inflow/outflow the project will provide in today’s terms.   Indeed, the expected net cash inflow/outflow of every year is discounted with a cost of capital rate determined by the company. There is not standard cost of capital that can be used, because it is different for every organization and project undertaken.   The main components of discounting are the inflation rate, the risk-free component, general risk premium and property-specific risk premium.   These stem from the cost derived from the finance medium selected, risk of the project failing to provide the anticipated cash inflows and the rate of return attained from comparable capital projects.   The factors mentioned above will differ between companies and projects, thus substantiating the point of no standard discount r ate.Both the net present method and the other techniques described below hold the following assumptions:†¢ Uncertainty does not exist.   Random and unexpected fluctuations are therefore not considered in the capital expenditure appraisal method.†¢   A perfect capital market exists, which implies that unlimited funds can be obtained with the market rate of interest set.The higher the net present value attained, the more financially viable is the project at hand.   With the exception of the time value of money concept, no other qualitative characteristics are considered by this method.1.1   Internal Rate of ReturnThis method also uses the time value of money concept.   Under this technique, the discounted cash flow principle is applied in a less practical way.   The internal rate of return is determined in this method normally by trial and error.   This is the point at which the projects will break-even leading to a zero net present value.   A capital project is financially viable if the internal rate of return is greater than the discount factor applied for the project.   In fact, the higher the internal rate of return the greater the financial feasibility of the project at hand, because the higher is the margin of safety of the project not incurring a loss.1.2   Modified Internal Rate of ReturnAs its name implies this is a modified capital expenditure appraisal technique of the method described in the previous section.   The modification mainly stems from compounding all positive cash flows forward to end of the capital project duration.   The figure attained by the modified internal rate of return method is the one that portrays the present value of all cash outflows together with the future value of all cash inflows.The internal rate of return weakness that is mitigated by this method, which is also outlined in the next section, is the multiple root problem that is encountered when discounting cash outflows to the present da te.1.3 Advantages and Limitations of Capital Project Evaluation MethodsThe adoption of discounting, which adheres with the time value of money principle, which takes into account important business and economic factors such as the inflation rate, the risk-free component, general risk premium and property-specific risk premium is considered both by the internal rate of return, modified internal rate of return technique and net present value method.   Even though they are more complex in nature and require more technical calculations, these three methods provide valuable financial information of a much better quality due to such feature.When the capital projects evaluated are not mutually exclusive and can be considered independently during the valuation, the net present value method and the internal rate of return approach will provide identical results, leading to the same decision.   However, the scale of the project is properly considered by the former capital expenditure appr aisal model, because it is an absolute measure of the project’s financial return.   On the contrary, the internal rate of return system adopts a relative measure to the project’s size and cash flow timing in relation to initial capital expenditure.   Therefore when projects are mutually exclusive and ranking is necessary in the business valuation, these two methods may provide dissimilar results.   The net present value method provides financial information of greater quality in such instances because it directs towards the capital project that holds the highest increase in financial wealth for the organization.   In addition, the ranking exercise is much easier to apply when the net present value method is adopted for mutually exclusive projects.The internal rate of return model can also provide misleading information when cash flows are non-conventional in the capital project examined.   In such cases, a nil or a vast number of internal rates of return may be derived, which would render the application of such method useless.   This problem does not apply to the net present value method.Even thought, the internal rate of return method had been improved by the adoption of the modified internal rate of return technique the net present value method is still the best method that an organization can adopt in order to value its capital projects.   We ought to keep in mind that only one limitation is removed with the application of the modified internal rate of return method.   In this section more were noted, that may provide inaccurate financial information leading to wrong decisions.References:Brockington B. R. (1993). Financial Management. Sixth Edition. London: DP Publications.Drury C. (1996). Management and Cost Accounting. Fourth Edition. New York: International Thomson Business Press.Lucey T. (2003). Management Accounting. Fifth Edition. Great Britain: Biddles Limited.Randall H. (1999).   A Level Accounting.   Third Edition .   Great Britain:   Ashford Colour Press Ltd.

Outline of a Literature Review on Labor Mobility - 2080 Words

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Photocopier Case Study - 2110 Words

Executive Summary To: Jim Hunking, General Manager - XYZ, London From: Linda McGuire, Purchasing Manager - XYZ, London Subject: Photocopier Contract at Head Office Issue: As you know, this contract renewal process has taken about 11 months, without a clear conclusion yet. I have analyzed the work done thus and would like to propose the following as our new Problem Statement for this requirement. XYZ Canada must find the best overall solution to its document management requirements; optimizing costs, technology, process efficiency and customer support capability. We considered various other options to conclude this assignment, as follows: * Issuing an RFQ * Hiring an external Consultant * In-source or out-source more document†¦show more content†¦Analysis: Strengths - Cost efficient operations, useful in placing major efforts into marketing and product quality. Weaknesses - Too much emphasis on cost control can limit opportunities realized from investing in new processes and capital. Opportunities -Excellent marketing and quality products maintain competitive advantages. Threats - Internal inefficiencies could erode customer relationships and give benefits to competition. Qualitative - *Bidders weren t all given the same details or information, as well as adding bidders along the way. - There doesn t appear to be any planned approach or method involved by Purchasing, neither a competitive bidding process or negotiation. Aside from being non-compliant with Canadian Tendering Laws, it s just plain sloppy purchasing. There s no way to compare proposals equally, nor eventually justify any selection. *Internal Needs amp; Usage Survey - A great deal of useful information came out with this study. It demonstrated a lot of muda/waste in their document handling processes. This was clearly an opportunity to improve efficiencies and costs ! *KPMG Tax Report - This was great timing, in that it gave a very big con to any suggestion for insourcing even more of their document processing. The extra costs andShow MoreRelatedParadoxical Twins Acme and Omega Electronics1694 Words   |  7 PagesCase Study on Paradoxical Twins Acme And Omega Electronics By ABC Paradoxical Twins Acme And Omega Electronics Defining the issue After reading the case of the â€Å"Paradoxical Twins Acme and Omega Electronics†, I found Both Acme and Omega produce similar products and offer similar services. Acme president John Tyler is a very tough going individual and he is portrayed to be an autocratic individual because there is one way communication in Acme. 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Sociological Explanations of Unequal Distributions of...

Sociology Homework: Examine the sociological explanations of unequal distributions of wealth and income in contemporary Britain (24 marks) There are five main sociological explanations of unequal distributions of wealth and income in contemporary Britain that I will be discussing as well as explaining within this essay. One sociological explanation for the unequal distribution of wealth and income in contemporary Britain is because it is necessary for the maintenance of society. This is argued by functionalists such as Davis and Moore who suggest that inequality in wealth and income is very significant due to the fact that some jobs are seen as more functionally important than others. As well as this, they believe that meritocratic†¦show more content†¦However this theory can be criticised as it only looks at inequality within class and not inequality within gender, age or other aspects. In addition to this this theory also fails to explain inequality within men and women from different cultural and traditional backgrounds. A further explanation is because of market situation of individual workers in the labour market. This is argued by a social theorist in the name of Weber, who suggested that wealth and income inequality occurs because some jobs have high rewards due to the fact that they are associated with strong trade unions. Other reasons are because of how high the demand is or because of key attributes needed in order to undertake a job. A prime example would be people employed to undertake transport services e.g train or bus drivers. On average Train drivers get around  £ 41,000 a year while nurses or school secretaries get around 15-27,000 a year. 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A Mixed Philosophy free essay sample

Philosophy, a word for the journey of truth. Whoever indulges into these possible theories about the mysteries of life, will find a world of complexity, a world of curiosity, and a world aching for truth. Even one-self might become entranced by philosophy’s mysterious writings to where his or her heart will even start aching for the truth of all truths. That was the case with me when I took my philosophy class and even now, my own ideas on philosophy have begun to form. Of many of the famous philosophy writers were the early Ancient Greeks: Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. Amongst many subjects, these three most of the time had similar ideas with a few tweaks here and there for their own theories. One of these many subjects was the idea of morality/ethics. Based upon my readings found in my class book, Introduction to Philosophy by John Perry (and various other authors), and of course our in-class notes, I found a common theme among these Ancient Greek philosophers on morality. They all seemed to agree that morality must be governed by reason, that those who do not limit their ‘drives’ (such as hunger, thirst, sexual urge, greed, and all other types of human desire) are very low in intellectual reasoning and are more susceptible to committing acts based on human desires. I mostly agree with this idea of morality. Though what is good and what is bad is different in perception around the world, I believe that everyone has the capacity to control their human desires by reason. For what helps us out of temptation? Some would say God, which is a whole different issue, but I also agree that we can resist our tempting desires within our hearts by reason. The logic of our minds, if exercised daily, can be a strong defense against our burning desires within. For is it God who is being tested? No. We are. We have the choice to limit our desires or give into them, which of course is what comes with our free will (choice). Now, where does this choice take place? Well, of course the mind. Though Satan has his logical tools as well, I believe the only way to truly fight within our minds is to know of logic, to know reason. For if Satan throws logically sound arguments in our faces, we also must be prepared to fight back with logically sound arguments as well. For choice is governed by reason. Even how silly a reason can be, we still grab onto a certain reason (or reasons) to commit certain acts, whether ‘good’ or ‘bad’. For example, even desires can be put down to simple logic. I am hungry. If I am hungry, I would want to eat. Since I am hungry, I will eat. See the reason even how simple it is? You might have eaten the food because the reason in your mind you grab onto is that ‘I am hungry’. But let us look at the loopholes of this reason. How do you know if you are hungry? Could hunger be an illusion? And what about the levels of hunger? Though you say you are hungry, truly you might not be, truly your stomach might just be grumbling because of burning carbohydrates and fat. So how can you know if you are hungry when really you cannot see your stomach or hear its voice? This ‘hunger’ you feel might even be a sensory illusion, so how do you know that your reason is truly justifiable and not an illusion itself? See, how acting on desires can be derived from a single reason, even how simplistic it can be? Now, of course I am not saying that every time we are hungry we should go through a whole, logical scenario like this. I am just showing how simple acts come from the reasoning of one’s mind. And if reason is what truly governs and limits our desires, should we not continue to learn about reason and exercise its logical processes? For whether a Christian or not, if you build your reasoning, you might find that your life will be lived more morally virtuous by your standards than ever before. Now to the concept of God’s existence. I do not know if my ideas will be proof of Him or not, but I will ask some possibilities that may help others to form a better or actual theory for the world to hear in the future. Let us start with Plato’s Theory of Forms. One part of Plato’s theory is belief of ‘eternal, unchanging Forms’ that reflect their existence through the imperfect objects we see everyday, such as a ball who has the eternal form of circularity. Now, to this part of Plato’s theory, I ask this possibility. What if these eternal Forms are the blueprints or one blueprint of God’s creation? What if God created His objects of the universe by these Forms of circularity, triangularity, squares, rectangles, etc? Again, I am not saying this question as an argument, but as a brainstorming possibility of maybe a future theory. For all philosophies started with either a curiosity or ‘what if’. Aren’t we all allowed to follow the Socratic method of questioning everything, even the theories of no God or there is a God? So, whether one rejects or is intrigued by my possible idea, I am justifiable within my intellectual rights to question as much as possible like all humans who have the capacity to reason. For only the questions or ideas of alternatives/loopholes can bring the philosophies, or better revisions of one. Now, to Aristotle, the pupil of Plato. Aristotle had quite a different view of metaphysics (reality). He believed each object we see through our senses are made of two substances: matter and form. He believed that an object’s physical substance was made of matter and the essence of the object (ex: shape) comes from form. He also believed that matter and form were always able to go together with the exception of God. He believed ‘God’ to be the pure essence/actuality, the ‘unchanged changer’/the ‘unmoved mover’. Along with many other Christian philosophers such as Augustine, I believe in the possibility of this ‘pure essence’ to be God. That somewhere out there in either a different cosmos or in invisibility, I believe there to be the Creator who forms the objects we see and limits the changes in nature. In science today, Aristotle’s theory on matter correlates with the fact of substances being made of atoms. But to this, I give this possibility. What if the atoms are also a part of the blueprint of God’s creation? That atoms were the clay to make the pottery of the earth? For who placed the atom from the beginning of the Big Bang theory? Who started the universe into motion? That is all I ask to this and again as only as a curious question than an actual, philosophical theory. Now, of course, I must now come to the theory of Existentialism and this is my argument against it as I find an interesting loophole/contradiction. Existentialists believe that humanity precedes reality, that human existence ‘just came to be’. They give the notion of a possible idea of maybe ‘non-Creation’. Now to this, I argue on a more personal, advisory basis. Most Existentialists believe in science, which created the thinking of cause and effect. In order to believe in this Existentialist theory of metaphysics, one must reject the ideas of science as well as religion. For even science would ask: â€Å"who or what threw us into existence?† For no matter how many times one tries to get rid of the thinking of cause and effect, cause and effect still stands in scientific logic and therefore, the problem of first causation still resides. If one wants to believe in the notion of ‘non-Creation’ or Existentialism, one must reject the ideas of science. If one remains a believer in science as well as Existentialism, one only remains as a contradiction. For whom are they to say no cause and effect thinking when they, themselves, believe in science as well, which so greatly advocates cycles/cause and effect? Can you not see the contradiction? If the Existentialists want to prove their theory as the best possible answer in metaphysic philosophy, they must stand for Existentialism alone without science and prove the logic of science to be wrong. For if the Existentialists stand for both, they only contradict themselves in their reasoning, which can be proven as a logical fallacy. Now, we move onto Thomas Aquinas. Aquinas believed in Five Ways to prove the existence of God. One of these ways was the idea of first causation, that there must be a first cause to everything, even the creation of the universe. He believed God to be that permanent and eternal first cause. I agree with this. For example, let us start with the wind cycle. Science would say that one wind pushes another. But where did this first wind come from? What put that first wind in motion to start the cycle? It could not possibly be the last wind for that wind did not exist until the first wind began to set in motion at the beginning of time. So who started this first wind? I say God, for even the Word speaks of where these winds come from in Psalm 135, verse 7: â€Å"He makes clouds rise from the ends of the earth; he sends lighting with the rain and brings out the wind from his storehouses.† (emphasis added, New International Version). For who planted the first atom at the beginning of the universe? Who started the universe in motion? Of course, science would ask to Creationists: Based on scientific logic, would it make sense for things to be created out of nothingness? But I ask the same question to the scientists as well: Based on scientific logic, would an atom coming out from nowhere, or even nothingness, make sense as well? Can you not see? Neither theory can be proven as a 100% fact; there is still a possibility, a maybe .01%, a small chance of the theory being wrong. For both science and religion must involve some faith. No matter atheist or not, one must have faith and trust in what they believe in, whether it be Evolution or Creation, no God or there is a God. And now, I must come to the argument of the problem of evil. Now, I do not know if my view is more philosophical, theological, or both. But this is what I say to this problem, bear with me. From the beginning of time, when God created the Earth and the first two humans, everything was at peace. The animals were in harmony with the humans, the humans were in harmony with God, and the Earth was in harmony with the heavens. When Adam and Eve fell, when sin’s corruption entered both the veins of life and of the Earth, this harmony was broken. Some say: why does God create natural disasters? But can’t you see that it is not God who creates the disasters, but the darkness, the Devil, our sin? God does not create chaos, He limits the chaos; He only gives chaos and temptation as much as we can bear: â€Å"No temptation has seized you except what is common to man. And God is faithful he will not let you be tempted beyond what you can bear. But when you are tempted, he will also provide a way out so that you can stand up under it.† (1 Corinthians 10: 13, New International Version). Do you not see that the Earth is trying to shake us off with its earthquakes? That we, including me (the writer), are causing this pain with our corruption? That the Earth wishes to shake our pollution and the Devil’s pollution off its surface? That the Devil and his evil is what makes the water turn sour and bitter? That the Earth is a living thing, crying and screaming to the Lord to make everything new and in harmony once again? The tornadoes, the tsunamis, the earthquakes, the volcanoes, the hurricanes, and many other disasters are not God’s wrath, but the tears of the Earth, aching for the Lord’s return. For even the Earth cried at the death of Jesus, the only pure love and healer who brought healing to the Earth by healing the sinners and the corruption around him, by paying the price of the Devil that the Devil gave as a ransom for our sins: â€Å"And when Jesus had cried out again in a loud voice, he gave up his spirit. At that moment the curtain of the temple was torn in two from top to bottom. The earth shook and the rocks split. The tombs broke open and the bodies of many holy people who had died were raised to life. They came out of the tombs, and after Jesus’ resurrection they went into the holy city and appeared to many people.† (Matthew 27: 50-53, New International Version). Now, people would ask: if God created the world, why did He allow evil to enter the world, why did He allow Eve and Adam to eat of the apple? But don’t you see?! It was our ancestors, the first humans, choice to let evil enter the world, not God’s. We, Homo sapiens, began the reign of evil on Earth. Eve could not have eaten the apple, but her desire to be all-knowing and wise like God overcame her and she gave into the temptation (yet another example of morality governed by a reason). But then people would ask: why did God allow Eve to be tempted by the snake/Satan? Well, let me give you this scenario. Suppose you are a master of a household with many servants. Would you not want to test your servants to know if they were trustworthy? That is what happened when God tested Eve and Adam. He, and probably the angels with Him in Heaven, wanted to make sure that humans could be trustworthy with the secrets of God/the heavens, to make sure that the humans’ hearts were loyal to God, the Creator and Master of all. Well, we failed that test. But instead of destroying His creations, our kind, He gave us a second chance through Christ†¦not because angels told him to or just because ‘He felt like it’, not because he wanted to keep His prized possessions in greed or keep His power†¦.no, He gave us a second chance because He loves us, He made us with His own hands. We are His precious masterpieces, even how flawed we can be. He desired mercy and love, more than sacrifice or justice (which during Old Testament times, justification and atonement of sins was received through burnt offerings): â€Å"For I desire mercy, not sacrifice, and acknowledgment of God rather than burnt offerings.† (Hosea 6: 6, New International Version). But of course, before Christ, in order to fulfill all true justice, He had to punish us for our sins, according to His Law, by banishing us from the Garden of Eden and giving us hardships through work/childbearing (and many other sufferings). One would ask: then what was the purpose of Christ? When Christ came, like I said before, God gave us a second chance. Knowing that we could never fulfill the Law (which is the commandments of God, not just necessarily found in the Old Testament), He decided to pay a ransom giving by the Devil, for God views His masterpieces (us, flawed humans) too precious to lose to the darkness. In order to save those who were sinners (like me and you), God had to pay the price with His own life, tears, blood, and body. That was what the Devil demanded for the enslaved humans of sin: God’s life and blood. So, God sent His One and Only Son, Jesus Christ, to pay that price so that through Christ, all may know the true nature of God and can be reconciled back to God through Christ’s blood. Christ’s blood released the Devil’s chains from us, the chains of slavery to sin. God gave His life for the wicked so that the wicked could be free and saved through Him. That was true mercy and love for: â€Å"Very rarely will anyone die for a righteous man, though for a good man someone might possibly dare to die. But God demonstrates his own love for us in this: While we were still sinners, Christ died for us.† (Romans 6: 7-8, New International Version) However, not all suffering comes from our sins; sometimes God puts suffering in our lives to build character in us. I cannot say it is true all the time and I cannot say I know the mind of God, for I am merely only a saved sinner with a Bible in my hands. But I can speak of what I have learned of God through what He reveals of Himself through Scripture. For if we knew all the knowledge of God, do you think, knowing our human nature and our politicians, we would trust and love God? Most likely not. God wants us to trust and love Him so sometimes, at least what I believe, I think He cuts our knowledge off in order to give us the capacity to trust/love Him, to have faith without sight. Again, I am not sure if that is the exact reason, but I believe it could be one possibility. Now back to suffering, let us read Romans 5: 3-5: â€Å"Not only so, but we also rejoice in our sufferings, because we know that suffering produces perseverance; perseverance, character; and character, hope.† (emphasis added, New International Version) Sound familiar? Did not atheist Friedrich Nietzsche speak of similar things? Did he not so greatly advocate using suffering and pain for our own benefit, to overcome it and turn the tables around? Can you not see that this wisdom was made before the secular teaching? That even Nietzsche, an atheist, spoke of wisdom that was already known to God? I think ‘tis ironic that most upheld wisdom in this world was already known and made from God in Scripture, if one truly looks for it deeply in Scripture. Truly, God is Knower of all knowers (if that is a word, add a laugh here). For what changes a man more: a rod of discipline or a rod of motivation? Does not discipline create motivation and character? Does not a true father (or parent) discipline his own son/daughter so that he/she might grow up to be successful and wise citizens? And does not no discipline create a lack of motivation and a simple laziness? I know when discipline is not in my life. I lose my motivation, I put things off until the last minute, sometimes my lack of motivation puts me further into my medical depression, and my willingness to overcome fades. Without discipline, I lose my life, energy, success, strength, and sometimes even my character. Sometimes in my life, God gives me hard sufferings, but I know I need it. For to get through my bitter pride, I need a hard hit within myself, no matter how painful it is, to reach some parts of my heart and build character. Some people just need that. Some of them think the pain is unfair, but really only that pain can break through their walls of bitterness or over-protection. It’s sadly simple. Some people need a harder ‘rod’ than others (including me) to reach the ‘soul’ of their heart. But no matter how hard the suffering is, I always manage to get out of it with the comfort and wisdom of God. There were times were I tried to take matters in my own hands, stopped praying, and barely looked into the Scriptures. Those times ended up getting worse and my depression always quickened. It wasn’t until I started feeding my Spirit through the Word again and started praying again that I started to overcome my trials. Truly, I would have not gotten through those times without the help of God and His love for me. For my foundation is shaky sand, but His foundation, on which I always try to rest upon, is solid rock. Once I leave the Rock, I jump into sinking sand†¦but once I come back, I am lifted high on the Rock of His love. And the wonderful thing is†¦though my sinking sand can disappear, His Rock never will. That glorious, comforting Rock will always be there, waiting for me. Calling me home with open arms and a bright, comforting smile. Now, is that not a wonderful and beautiful philosophy? Works Cited: Perry, John; Bratman, Micheal; Fischer, John Martin. Introduction to Philosophy: Classical and Contemporary Readings. Fifth Edition. Oxford University Press. 2010. Called By The Gospel; Called To Be God’s People: An Introduction to the Old Testament. Andrew E. Steinmann (Editor). 2006. Wipf Stock Publishers (Eugene, Oregon ). A New International Version Bible In-Class Notes